One oogonia enlarges and rest degenerate and →Many oogonia enlarge in size, stop mitoticĭivision, get ready for meiosis.
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→Oogonia also divide by mitosis to produce more →Surrounded by flat epithelial cells derived from Oogonia and at same time keep migrating to They appear in yolk sac around 4th week ofĭevelopment. →Most primitive germ cells→Primordial germĬells. (1) Secondary gamete → Secondary spermatocyte Not purely maternal but have paternal genes alsoĬhromosomes leas to genetic variability and →Due to crossover, Maternal chromosomes are 2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS & MITOSISĬhromosomes of a homologous pair lie randomlyĬhromosomes remain GAMETOGENESIS HASAN BAJWA N Remains same (46) since it depends on centromere. ➔Germ cells replicate DNA before entering M1. Homologous chromosomes at same loci and are in Going to perform similar functions present on ➔ GENES are sequence of nucleotides which makeĪ specific functional RNA. →46 chromosomes→23 from mother and 23 fromĮ= Ch#1 from mother and father both & son onįor all chromosomes bcz these are in homologous ➔InFemales→oogenesis→ Meiosis+Cytodifferent ➔InMales→Spermatogenesis→ Meiosis+Cytodiff So, it is also called Reduction Division. →Meiosis is a special type of cell division occurs in Process of meiosis and cytodifferentiation →It is process by which early germ cells undergo →Specialized process occurring in primordial ➔ M-Checkpoint →Make sure all DNA is properlyĪligned on Metaphase Plate. Make sure no error during replication and every ➔ G2-M Checkpoint →All DNA will be scanned to If DNA is OK, it will be allowed to move forward. Cell will beĪrrested at this checkpoint called G1-S checkpoint. ➔If DNA of cell in G1 is already damaged, it shouldīe repaired before entering S phase. ➔Cell membrane invaginates (Cytokinesis).Ĭell division is extremely regulated phenomenon. ➔Tubular microtubules attach on Kinetochores.Ĭentromere➔Two chromosomes start moving to ➔Chromosomes (double structured) arranged on ➔Microtubules and mitotic spindles formed. ➔Centrioles move at two opposite poles CELL CYCLE & GENES HASAN BAJWA N Laminin proteins get phosphorylated by enzymes. ➔Nuclear membrane starts dissolving because Get dephosphorylated➔chromosomes more clear
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➔Loose chromatin condenses because Histones DNA in form of looseĬhromatin network and centrioles may be there. In this,Ĭytoplasm and organelles divide into 2 daughter This is aboutĬytoplasmic and organelle division.
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Performing general and specific functions, theyĮ- Neuronal cells, skeletal and cardiac muscle EMBRYOLOGY NOTES HASAN BAJWA N TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 CELL CYCLE AND GENES- 01 2 GAMETOGENESIS- 05 3 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE- 11 4 FERTILIZATION- 17 5 DEVELOPMENT UPTO 2 ND WEEK- 22 6 DEVELOPMENT UPTO 3 RD WEEK- 27 7 CNS DEVELOPMENT- 35 8 CVS DEVELOPMENT- 42 CELL CYCLE & GENES HASAN BAJWA NĬells go into G0 phase and never come out of itįor these to divide, stem cells should divide to They enabled me to be who I am with their prayers and efforts. Najeeb & drnajeeblectures EMBRYOLOGY NOTES HASAN BAJWA N To my parents and my teachers. EMBRYOLOGY NOTES HASAN BAJWA N ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This is solely a composing work.